A recent Gallup poll reports marijuana use in the U.S. has more than doubled since 2013. And with the legalization of marijuana in many states, the question is often asked what is the effect of using marijuana while pregnant. Following is an overview of risks associated with using marijuana while pregnant and also marijuana risks in general.
STATE LAWS
Marijuana laws vary from state to state. Some permit legalized recreational use, some approve usage under medical supervision, and others hold marijuana illegal. Consult your state’s laws to find out the status of marijuana in your state. The state of Illinois passed a law in 2019, declaring “the use of cannabis should be legal for persons 21 years of age or older”.
MARIJUANA WHILE PREGNANT: RISKS
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) “strongly advises against the use of cannabidiol (CBD), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and marijuana in any form during pregnancy or while breastfeeding.” A study presented at the recent European Psychiatric Congress also warned of the association between cannabis use and “neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring.” The following risks are associated with marijuana use:
During pregnancy:
- Effect on fetal brain development (including ADHD, autism, and a 29% increased risk in developing psychotic symptoms)
- Low birth weight
- Premature birth
- Potential stillbirth
While breastfeeding:
- Effect on newborn brain development
- Hyperactivity
- Poor cognitive function
Additionally, the FDA warns that marijuana smoke contains “many of the same harmful components as tobacco smoke” and should not be smoked around a baby or children. The American Lung Association says marijuana smoke has “many of the same toxins, irritants, and carcinogens as tobacco smoke,” and warns against exposure around “vulnerable children.”
CANNABIDIOL (CBD) AND TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL (THC)
Sometimes, you might hear terms like CBD or THC with regard to marijuana or cannabis. Smoking marijuana is not the only way marijuana-related substances can enter your system.
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a compound found in marijuana The U.S. Center for Disease Control (CDC) states that data on CBD side effects is largely unknown and warns of potential “negative effects on developing fetuses.” CBD is found in many consumer products, such as “food, oils, lotions, capsules, and cosmetics.” Review the ingredients of any product to determine if any marijuana-related chemicals are included.
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a psychoactive substance in cannabis. It is contained in products such as edibles and cosmetics. The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) states that studies show possible risk of long-term effects on a child, such as “increasing stress responsivity and abnormal patterns of social interactions…[and] learning deficits…” The NIDA also warns that “THC consumed in breast milk could affect brain development” and discourages marijuana use while breastfeeding.
MARIJUANA GENERAL RISKS
Additionally, marijuana use is associated with other increased risks. The National Institute of Health warns of the following risks to the marijuana user:
- Mood changes
- Impaired body movement
- Impaired brain function regarding thinking and memory
- High doses can induce hallucinations, delusions, or psychosis (another study reports an approximately 37% increased risk in developing schizophrenia)
- Breathing difficulties
- Increased heart rate
- Poor mental health
- Personal and professional difficulties and lower life satisfaction
Long-term marijuana use has also been associated with permanent reduction in IQ and development of cyclical nausea, vomiting, or dehydration.
ARE YOU PREGNANT?
If you are pregnant and concerned whether you want to continue, speak to our Waterleaf medical professionals at no cost. No insurance is required. We have licensed medical staff who can answer your questions and provide a medical-grade pregnancy test and ultrasound—all at no-cost to you. Contact us online or call/text confidentially at 630-360-2256 for a no-cost pregnancy test, ultrasound, or consultation appointment. We are here to support you!
