Hyperemesis Gravidarum (HG) is a condition of pregnancy “marked by relentless nausea and/or vomiting and sensory sensitivity.” It affects up to 10.8% of women and is a leading cause of hospitalization during pregnancy in the U.S.
Women with hyperemesis during pregnancy often experience rapid weight loss, dehydration, and other difficulties. Some women with HG have chosen abortion, which they might not have pursued if their HG had been treated effectively.
This article will review differences between HG and morning sickness, as well as some nutritional strategies and resources recommended by professionals.
How to tell if it’s morning sickness or hyperemesis
The Hyperemesis Education Research (HER) Foundation identifies several differences between HG and morning sickness, including:
- WEIGHT LOSS – One of the key differences between HG and morning sickness is significant weight loss. Research says loss of 5% or more of your pre-pregnancy weight is a sign of HG.
- NAUSEA – With HG, nausea and vomiting are moderate to severe and constant, leading to dehydration. Morning sickness may involve vomiting, but it is less severe, not constant, and does not interfere with your ability to eat or drink enough every day.
- DIFFICULT RELIEF – Women experiencing HG find relief more difficult, often requiring “IV and/or medications” to ease symptoms. With morning sickness, “diet or lifestyle changes” are often enough for relief.
- DAILY FUNCTION – Women with HG often are unable to work for weeks and need much effort caring for themselves, sometimes finding it difficult to perform common tasks like showering or driving. Morning sickness can make daily routines more challenging, but women are often able to continue working.
Diet strategies for hyperemesis during pregnancy
The HER Foundation emphasizes the importance of eating what you can tolerate and avoiding excessive weight loss.
- EAT SIMPLE – Eating simple foods can be healthier and easier to digest than multi-ingredient foods. “Fatty and fried” foods can put a strain on your body. Liquid meals, especially with protein, may be easier to keep down. For example, blend avocado with coconut oil or milk along with protein powder and other nuts or berries.
- WHAT’S APPEALING – Try imagining what foods sound appealing, such as crunchy or sweet or soft, and then try foods in their simplest form that match. For example, if cereal sounds appealing, try eating whole grain cereal versus something more processed which is tougher to digest. Sometimes cold foods which have less odor and small portions can help.
- BLOOD SUGAR MANAGEMENT – A balance of protein, fat, and carbs can help maintain a steady blood sugar level that can help with HG. Studies have shown a decreased risk for HG in women whose regular diet contained a lot of protein, such as meat, fish, and eggs. If you can tolerate these foods, it may help with your symptoms. Women who regularly consumed “sugary beverages” had an increased risk for HG during pregnancy.
- OTHER FOODS – Other foods that have been shown to help with severe nausea during pregnancy include fruits and vegetables; cereals and fiber-rich foods. Ginger extract has also been shown in multiple studies to reduce nausea symptoms.
- VITAMINS – The HER Foundation also considers B vitamins “critical,” found in foods like brown rice, pork, seeds, nuts, eggs, enriched cereal, legumes, or peas. Consider a single vitamin like B1/thamin if you can’t tolerate a multiple B or B complex vitamin. You can also try vitamins under the tongue in liquid or spray form.
What risk factors are associated with hyperemesis?
A 2024 study identified several risk factors for HG, most significantly for women with:
- a previous pregnancy with HG
- a female relative who has experienced HG
- low blood levels of a hormone called GDF15 before pregnancy and high levels during pregnancy
The study also identified other risks, including first-time pregnancies, twins or more, a high saturated fat diet, high body weight, untreated asthma, menstrual pains (dysmenorrhea), and epilepsy.
The HER Foundation also mentions other potential risks for HG, including severe stress, smoking exposure, sensitivity to oral contraceptives, migraines, allergies, and more.
Next steps
If you are experiencing HG symptoms it is important to consult a compassionate healthcare provider who is experienced in managing HG. A medical professional with HG experience can examine your hormone levels and other risk factors and help you identify a sensible diet or additional medical remedies. Waterleaf can help connect you with medical professionals who specialize in HG management. Speak with our medical professionals at no cost. Call or text us confidentially today at 630-360-2256.
